Oral
manifestations of diabetes mellitus
The
common oral manifestations of diabetes include the following: gingivitis;
periodontal disease; multiple periodontal abscesses, xerostomia and salivary
gland dysfunction; recurring bacterial, viral and fungal (Candida) infections;
dental caries; periapical abscesses; loss of teeth; delayed wound healing;
burning mouth syndrome; taste impairment; and oral lichen planus.
Gingivitis and periodontitis: Poor glycemic control has been
associated with the incidence and progression of gingivitis, periodontitis and
alveolar bone loss. Common signs being bleeding gums,presence of multiple abscesses, mobility of teeth, bad taste,
receding gingiva exposing roots of the teeth, migration of teeth from their
original position and development of spacing between teeth.
Xerostomia : People
with diabetes have been reported to complain of dry mouth, or xerostomia. The cause is unknown, but may be related
to polyuria or to alterations in the basement membranes of salivary glands.
Xerostomia can lead to further complications like increased caries and oral
candidiasis.
Oral infections: Another manifestation of diabetes and an
oral sign of systemic immune suppression is the presence of opportunistic
infections, such as oral candidiasis. Candida pseudohyphae, a cardinal sign of
oral Candida infection, can be easily identified in patient mouth. It usually
appears as which curd like deposit on the oral mucosal surface which can be
easily removed from the underlying surface.
Dental caries and periapical pathologies: Dental caries is more prevalent in Diabetics, due to the presence of Xerostomia, decreased salivary secretion will reduce the flushing of food particles which will tend to be sticking to the teeth and be a source of medium for the oral mbacteria to thrive. the untreated caries can further lead to more infection and periapical pathologies/ infection upto and beyond the apex of the teeth and lead to cellulitis.
Neurosensory disorders: Patients with diabetes have
reported increased complaints of glossodynia and stomatopyrosis. A poorly
understood orofacial neurosensory disorder called burning mouth syndrome has
been allied with diabetes mellitus. Long-lasting oral dysesthesias experienced
by patient could adversely affect oral hygiene maintenance.
Oral mucosal diseases: Greater
prevalences of lichen planus and recurrent aphthous stomatitis in diabetic
patients. They may be due to chronic immune suppression.
Halitosis/bad breath: Diabetic patient may also
present with halitosis because of the xerostomia in controlled diabetics and
acetonic breath in the uncontrolled diabetics. Halitosis in such patients can
be controlled and treated.
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Gingivitis is an infection that occurs when bacteria invade soft tissues, bone, and other places that bacteria should not be. At the moment of infection, bacteria no longer help us, they begin to harm us. Infections, like other diseases, range from mild to severe or life-threatening. So we should be careful and follow your tips to avoid gingivitis. Thanks for sharing a well informed article. So be careful. Thanks.
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As soon as you get to know about the diabetes and detect the signs & symptoms of diabetes, you should start taking the balance diet and regular visit the physician so as to prevent the further damage.
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