GINGIVAL OVERGROWTH
Gingival enlargement or overgrowth is an increase in the size of the gums .it is a common feature of gingival disease. Gingival enlargement can be caused by a number of various stimuli, for example, people under orthodontic treatment with poor oral hygiene maintenance can develop gingival overgrowth due to plaque as a stimuli. People taking antihypertensive drugs, drugs for epilepsy etc can cause gingival overgrowth, "treatment is based on an understanding of the cause and underlying pathologic changes.
Inflammatory enlargement
Inflammatory enlargement is the most common cause of gingival enlargement. The gums appear red, swollen, soft and discoloured. This is due to stasis of blood and fluid in the tissue spaces which is caused by prolonged exposure to bacterial plaque.
Drug-induced enlargement
Drugs which cause enlargement of gums includes
- Anticonvulsants (such as phenytoin, phenobarbital, lamotrigine, valproate, ethosuximide, topiramate and primidone)
- calcium channel blockers, such as nifedipine, amlodipine and verapamil. The dihydropyridine derivative isradipidine can replace nifedipine and does not induce gingival overgrowth.
- Immunosuppresant like cyclosporins.
Systemic factors that induce enlargement includes
Pregnancy
Puberty
Vitamin C deficiency
Systemic diseases like: Leukemia, neoplasms can also cause enlargement.
False enlargement
when there is an underlying bony or dental tissue lesion it can be shown as gingival enlargement.
TREATMENT FOR GINGIVAL OVERGROWTH- LASER
LASER is chosen as the latest treatment method because it has photothermal, chemical and plasma mediated effects. LASERs have an advantage over all the conventional techniques by accomplishing removal of the soft tissue and producing a favourable environment for healing. LASERs have potential advantage of bactericidal, detoxifying effect. Diode lasers have been used in a variety of soft tissue surgical procedures and have many advantages such as less pain, bleeding, scar formation and infection. Less postoperative swelling and pain is another advantage of lasers which most likely correlates with decreased tissue trauma and an alteration of neural transmission.
Laser application for excising oral hyperplastic lesions shows some advantages such as less bleeding that is suitable for surgical treatment that are suitable for oral mucosal lesions which are rich in blood vessels.
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